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Excavations at Doghlauri cemetery

    The cemetery of the Aradetis Orgora settlement lies on the second terrace of the Kura, at the Southern limit of the gently sloping Dedoplis Mindori plain, at a height of 20 meters above the level of the river. The area had been previously investigated, between 1979 and 1982, by I. Gagoshidze on behalf of the S. Janashia State Museum (11 EBA, 56 LB/EAI graves and a LBA kurgan were brought to light by this expedition) and, again, between 2012 and 2014 in the framework of salvage excavations connected with the construction of the Ruisi-Agara section of the new Tbilisi-Batumi Highway, which resulted in the excavation of 415 additional graves.
    The construction, in spring 2015, of artificial terraces flanking the path of the highway, destroyed a few additional graves and thus caused the necessity of a new salvage excavation. This was carried out between June 22th and July 13th by a team of the Georgian National Museum headed by I. Gagoshidze with the assistance of members (M. Aquilano, V. Scandellari, F. Bertoldi, S. Camellini and M. Furlanetto) and workmen of the "Shida Kartli Archeological project".
    Work was carried out over an irregular area occupying a maximal total surface of 260 x 20 m. It involved: 1) documentation of what was left of some graves damaged by the construction of the highway terrace, which were still visible on the section of the excavated area and, 2) excavation of all the graves and related features visible in the delimited area after removing of the 30-40 cm thick humus layer. All the graves had been dug into the 1.5 m thick layer of yellowish clay overlying the 3-4 m thick layer of pebbles conglomerate which constitutes the river terrace; as a consequence, their pits were easily distinguishable, on the background of the yellowish clay, as areas filled with dark-coloured soil and stones.
    Excavation resulted into the discovery of 33 different graves and related features. These included: three Early Bronze Age (Kura-Araxes) graves (Nos. 2, 3 and 5), 26 Late Bronze Age graves (Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33), three of which (Nos. 19, 20, and 26) were apparently cenotaphs, and four stone-filled pits, occasionally containing a few pottery sherds (Nos. 22, 24, 25, 27).
Among the Kura-Araxes graves, especially interesting is No. 2 (Fig. 21), whose burial pit was surrounded by a wall of cobblestones. It contained the remains of two individuals, one of which was lying in foetal position in the centre of the pit while the bones of the other had been shifted to one side, and a number of pottery vessels and metal ornaments.
    Graves belonging to the Late Bronze Age mostly consisted of invidual pit graves covered with a small mound of stones. They were oriented in N-S direction, and the bodies were placed in foetal position on the right or left side, with the head pointing N (Fig. 22). Burial goods include pottery vessels (Fig. 23), metal weapons and ornaments and, notably, for the first time in Doghlauri cemetery, a diadem (Grave no. 15) and the remains of a threshing board (Grave no. 18).